Dalagang Bukid (1919)

Era 70-an, Era Sang Diktator

Terpilihnya sang diktator, Ferdinand Marcos, sebagai presiden, berimbas pula pada industri film. Pada tahun 1972, industri film dibawah kendali penuh pemerintah melalui aturan-aturan hukum yang ketat dan melalui badan sensor. Medium film juga digunakan sebagai media propaganda era baru dibawah Marcos. Film-film yang akan diproduksi naskahnya harus disetujui oleh dewan sensor yang mengutamakan rasa kebangsaan dan kecintaan pada negara.  Film-film bertema politik yang berbeda visi dengan pemerintah serta film-film bomba (seks) dilarang untuk diputar. Para sineas justru cerdik mengakali ini dengan kemasan lain seperti membuat film-film aksi laga populer yang menggunakan formula plot melawan otoritas. Genre bomba muncul dalam bentuk lain, yang diistilahkan “wet look” dengan adegan-adegan sensualnya, seperti adegan renang atau mandi.

Era sensor ini justru memberi jalan kepada sineas-sineas muda independen, tercatat yang paling menonjol adalah Lino Brocka. Film-film Brocka merupakan kritik sosial yang menggambarkan keruntuhan moral dan sosial pada masyarakat Filipina kala itu. Film-filmnya seperti Maynila: Sa mga Kuko ng Liwalnag (1976) dan Insiang (1976) berbicara masalah kemiskinan dan akibatnya. Beberapa sineas muda lain yang juga produktif menghasilkan film-film bertema senada adalah, Ishmael Bernal, Celso Ad Castillo, Mike de Leon, serta Peque Galaga. Maynila karya Brocka dan Himala karya Ishmael Bernal bahkan dianggap sebagai film terbaik Filipina sepanjang masa. Di awal era 80-an, di ambang berakhirnya era Marcos sineas-sineas muda ini memproduksi film yang isinya menentang rezim Marcos, seperti Karnal, Sister Stella L., dan Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim.

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Artikel SebelumnyaSekilas Sinema Malaysia
Artikel BerikutnyaDari Redaksi mOntase
A lifelong cinephile, he cultivated a deep interest in film from a young age. Following his architectural studies, he embarked on an independent exploration of film theory and history. His passion for cinema manifested in 2006 when he began writing articles and film reviews. This extensive experience subsequently led him to a teaching position at the esteemed Television and Film Academy in Yogyakarta. From 2003 to 2019, he enriched the minds of students by instructing them in Film History, Introduction to Film Art, and Film Theory. His scholarly pursuits extended beyond the classroom. In 2008, he published his seminal work, "Understanding Film," which delves into the core elements of film, both narrative and cinematic. The book's enduring value is evidenced by its second edition, released in 2018, which has become a cornerstone reference for film and communication academics across Indonesia. His contributions extend beyond his own authorship. He actively participated in the compilation of the Montase Film Bulletin Compilation Book Volumes 1-3 and "30 Best Selling Indonesian Films 2012-2018." Further solidifying his expertise, he authored both "Horror Film Book: From Caligari to Hereditary" (2023) and "Indonesian Horror Film: Rising from the Grave" (2023). His passion for film extends to the present day. He continues to provide insightful critiques of contemporary films on montasefilm.com, while actively participating in film production endeavors with the Montase Film Community. His own short films have garnered critical acclaim at numerous festivals, both domestically and internationally. Recognizing his exceptional talent, the 2022 Indonesian Film Festival shortlisted his writing for Best Film Criticism (Top 15). His dedication to the field continues, as he currently serves as a practitioner-lecturer for Film Criticism and Film Theory courses at the Yogyakarta Indonesian Institute of the Arts' Independent Practitioner Program.

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